for perfect occlusions. | Dr Patrick Guézénec.
These two cases are among those presented for the French Board in Orthodontics. Capucine and Clémence present themselves at my practice in September 2013.

Capucine is 9 years and 9 months old and Clémence has just celebrated her 13th birthday. Both sisters are in Class II. Their records are completed in November 2013 and a report is provided to the parents in December 2013.

Paleodontics: Diagnosis and archaeology of dental pathologies. | Dr Djillali Hadjouis. Teeth become a means of identifying disease of general origin in archaeology. The example of osteopetrosis, rickets, and congenital syphilis.
The many burial sites excavated for the past forty years in the Val-de-Marne area have yielded thousands of skeletons, from Neolithic burials—interred within inhabited spaces—to soldiers from the war of 1870, including numerous necropolises of Merovingian, Carolingian, and the Late Middle Ages churches (Hadjouis 1999, 2006, forthcoming). Among populations with heterogeneous morphological characteristics, many individuals—men, women, and children—present a rather poor health status, leading to a low life expectancy in the face of epidemics and infectious, metabolic, and parasitic diseases. Lesions developed on the skull, the spine, and the bones of the limbs suggest diseases with alarming and morbid names: leprosy (Mycobacterium leprae), syphilis (Treponema pallidum), tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis), malaria (Plasmodium falciparum), the plague (Yersinia pestis), smallpox. The last two do not show suggestive bony signs. Among the pathognomonic signs of certain diseases, teeth also provide a significant tool for identifying lesions of general origin. Treponematoses—especially congenital syphilis—vitamin-resistant rickets, and osteopetrosis are the three examples we selected to illustrate retrospective dental diagnosis in ancient populations whose skeletons are found during preventive archaeology operations.

Nouveautés techniques : Pour une gestion complète des cabinets d’orthodontie, et plus… | Dr Paul Azoulay
The management software is the true workhorse of an orthodontic practice. It enables the practice to handle all administrative tasks. In recent times, numerous improvements have enriched all the features with new tools that further simplify every aspect of management, while also facilitating relationships with patients.
Il existe sur le marché français cinq logiciels principaux concernant la gestion d’un cabinet d’orthodontie. En termes fonctionnels, les principales attentes d’un praticien sont couvertes par tous : gestion de l’administratif et des relations avec les caisses et mutuelles, agenda, suivi clinique, imagerie, courrier…
However, each software solution has its own specific features, which make them more or less effective and efficient. In terms of functional coverage,
Orthokis, Ortholeader, and Orthalis have captured our full attention.
The trends of recent years are moving toward:
• complete digitization of the patient file;
• providing patients with new services via the Internet.

Life in the practice: The business plan, when, why, how? | Dr Frank Pourrat
The business plan is a fundamental element in the life of the company. It is also useful for the orthodontist to take a close look at it. It is not only a reflection of the project for the initial setup, but also at the beginning of each calendar year. It is the deployment of the objectives that the manager has set. Reviewing the past year makes it possible to collect non-relevant information and, thus, to facilitate a short-term view. The business plan is intended to convince readers either at the start of their activities so that banking institutions can endorse the project, or during ongoing activities to convince future partners, or over the years to provide a path, a goal, and objectives for the team itself. Structured according to a rational methodology, all the gathered information will result in an effective working tool.

Medical psychology: Genealogical psychology in ODF | Dr Marc-Gérald Choukroun
It happens that certain difficulties expressed in a person’s life do not belong to their character or to their past actions. Several psychotherapy experiences show that the source of this distress comes from a family issue that has not been resolved—or even that has been hidden. The choice to keep family secrets is a gross error because, under the pretext of protecting themselves or their children, parents do not realize that these events settle in their brain in a muted way and pass through their expressions, their words, their actions, and their fears—directly to an unconscious level, without the children’s knowledge. Everything happens as if the child’s brain decodes what has not been said or the lies without the child’s awareness: Unbewust means
“not known” in German; however, this is the term used by Freud to refer to the unconscious. In French, we can also find the root “scient,” meaning “to know,” and the prefix “in,” meaning “not.”

Evidence-based orthodontics: How to integrate clinical studies
into our practice | Dr Martial Ruiz
The evidence value of a clinical study is based on the authors’ ability to control experimental biases. Examining the way patients are recruited, the allocation of treatments, the follow-up of the study, the objectivity in collecting results, and their analysis makes it possible to simply assess the validity of a study and, therefore, its usefulness in our field.

Student paper: Orthodontic intrusion and attachment gain | Dr Daniel Bouhnik
Periodontal diseases are inflammatory conditions that cause destruction of the tooth-supporting tissues—the periodontal tissues—and an impairment of the tooth’s survival prognosis. These inflammatory conditions can have numerous clinical manifestations, ranging from simple gingival inflammation to secondary pathological migrations, including gingival recessions. In the periodontitis stage, an apical displacement is observed along the root surface of periodontal structures. This displacement is the manifestation
of clinical irreversible loss of the tooth-supporting tissues.
To date, only so-called regenerative periodontal therapies provide management for the sequelae of these diseases. One may wonder whether orthodontics, through its ability to move the dental organ within these structures, does not have a role to play—together with periodontics—in managing the sequelae of these diseases.
Recent research has helped to better understand the reaction of periodontal tissues to orthodontic movements. However, the periodontal consequences of intrusion movements are still poorly understood and debated. The studies carried out by Melsen in the late 1980s on this topic still appear as a scientific reference.
Described more than twenty-five years ago (Melsen 1988), the relationship between orthodontic intrusion and attachment gain is nevertheless very little developed in the literature. Yet it would offer a new therapeutic approach in the regeneration of the tooth-supporting tissues.
Can we imagine the possibility of repositioning teeth in bone in order to recover an amount of periodontal tissues compatible with a good survival prognosis? Can orthodontics provide a solution to these issues?
This work, co-directed by Professor Beatriz Castaneda, aims to analyze—through various cases—the clinical effects of induced dental intrusion, particularly regarding the attachment gain possibilities associated with this movement in patients presenting with stabilized periodontitis.